Basic Overview of the C-Arm Machine

A C-arm system is an overhead x-ray image intensifier that provides real-time detailed viewing of anatomic structures using fluoroscopic dyes. The system is a non-invasive device that does not enter the patient’s body, making it safe for screening before, during and after procedures.

These machines are mobile, easily transportable, and can be used in confined spaces. The unit’s support structure is shaped like the letter “C”, and is capable of being adjusted to different settings based on the application. The special arced semi-circular design also permits the physician to rotate and angle an x-ray tube without moving the patient. Furthermore, using a moveable C-arm table allows the physician the opportunity to “tilt” the patient while rotating the C-arm system, maximizing the viewing capacity. The flexibility allows physicians to quickly view and monitor the placement of devices like pacemakers, catheters and prostheses.

The C-arm system works in conjunction with patient tables and are specifically designed for x-ray imaging, allowing free positioning of the C-arm around the patient. Tables may even be designed to move and rotate to allow better patient access for procedures and to aid imaging angles.

Though the C-arm system has radiographic capabilities, they are primarily used for fluoroscopic imaging during surgical, orthopedic, critical care, pain management, and emergency care procedures.

Outpatient studies

C-arm system imaging is used for various studies including those of the digestive, reproductive, coronary and venous systems to help identify potential health problems such as stomach ulcers, infertility, and coronary artery occlusion.

Line placement

C-arm fluoroscopes are ideal for use in visually guiding physicians to place needles, stents and catheters in specific areas.

Image Intensifiers

Image intensifiers are usually set up for two purposes: for plain fluoroscopy or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Image intensifiers are frequently used in orthopedics to help put hardware needed to stabilize bones and joints; for vascular and neurological imaging to ensure surrounding tissues remain healthy; and to help guide surgeons operating on delicate areas such as the spine.

Surgery

The C-Arm Machine has a number of surgical uses including real-time viewing of the gallbladder, liver, heart and bone structures. It can also provide viewing assistance to ensure accuracy during surgery. Some imaging systems are capable of taking images in multiple planes, which is useful for reconstructing a 3D volume of the patient anatomy. This is typically used for surgical navigation. Surgeons also find this helpful to check the placement of implanted devices in the patient.

Pain Management

Image intensifiers are used to help direct needle placement into joints when injecting anesthetics. Pain-relieving medication can be inserted into shoulders and knees with little or no damage to the nearby structures.

C-Arm Components

The portable C-Arm system generally consists of these main components: the x-ray generator, imaging system, and workstation unit.

X-Ray Generator

The X-ray generator, dose control system and collimator controls are usually housed in the frame on which the C-arm is mounted. All of the control systems are directed by the master controller (found in work station). User controls on the C-arm allow the operator to modify the operation of the system while in use. There are several benefits for increased x-ray power. For starters, it allows greater flexibility for imaging while reducing exposure times and the risk for error. These benefits may be very important for pediatric and obese patients who may find longer exposure times daunting.